Now at the bull market’s one-and-a-half-year mark, it’s notable that every major stock index has trailed the average path for a new bull market at this point in a cycle. But, it’s unfair to liken today’s bull with past bulls, because it has a unique adverse trait that is apt to be life-shortening: It arose during an economic expansion—and likely in the latter stages, considering the unemployment rate was 3.5%.

Despite our reservations about the durability of the expansion, we have to respect what it has overcome: interest-rate hikes of 425 bps; a nearly 2-year runoff in the Fed’s balance sheet (QT); and a 9-month bear market that began before the expansion reached its 2-year milestone. Even consumer “expectations,” which track the market higher in the early phase of a bull market, never rebounded and are lower now than at the fall-2022 market low.

Despite a hostile setting for active management in Q1, six of nine style boxes in our ongoing analysis achieved active-fund win rates above 50% (60% on average bested their passive benchmark). The other three each scored just below 50% of active strategies beating passive. This is remarkable given the proven importance of market conditions in the active/passive performance derby.

Two of the most intriguing storylines across global markets in recent years concern Asian economies. The Japanese stock market provided the upside surprise, gaining a remarkable 64% in local currency terms since the end of 2020, making it one of the world’s top performers. On the flipside, South Korea ended April with a cumulative loss over the last three-plus years.

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Q1 bottom-up S&P 500 operating EPS estimates jumped a little over a dollar to $55.36 after the first month of reporting. This halted the usual “slow-erosion” pattern that shaved $3 off the quarter’s estimate since last summer (Chart 1). The three forward quarters of 2024 also experienced a bump in estimates. S&P 500 full-year EPS projections now sit at $242. That would be a 13% YOY gain from 2023’s results.

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Our March report titled Lifeboat Drill examined the effectiveness of sectors, styles, and factors in protecting investors during major market declines. We found that Consumer Staples are significant and consistent outperformers during times of distress, serving as “comfort food” for investors trying to minimize their financial and emotional distress in a falling market.  Staples are relatively inexpensive today based on market-relative metrics, and today’s level of cheapness has historically corresponded to positive relative returns going forward.

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CPI readings were a touch above estimates again in March. The actual data surprises are not nearly as dramatic as the market reactions, which have been almost entirely driven by sentiment swings.

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The market upswing is now confirmed by Cyclicals, Defensives, Breadth, and Bonds. Endorsement by all four occurs about one-third of the time and has led to an S&P 500 average annualized compound return of +15%.

Realizing a gain in each of the first three months of the year, like Q124, is not as bullish for the next twelve months as are back-to-back gains in January and February. The three-month streak produces a one-year performance advantage of around 2%, while a string of Jan-Feb gains was additive by 900 bps. 

Rallies of this magnitude (+30% in 5-6 months) are not uncommon; however, this one began one year into a yield-curve-inversion cycle and with stock valuations already elevated. The latter condition could be viewed as a positive because the market surge has created one of the most pronounced short-term wealth effects in history.

To gauge how much faith we should have in this “virtuous” cycle, we examine the macro context in terms of the business cycle, the Yen, interest rates, and inflation. Ultimately, inflation holds the key to bond yields, as the main difference between pre- and post-1990 rate hikes boils down to inflation—which is also the key determinant of how far the BoJ can go in this tightening cycle.

This month’s Leuthold Refresh is a quarterly update on our factor regime analysis. Factors, or investment styles, have historically performed quite differently under various economic and market conditions, and we’ve mapped these relationships to identify the factors best positioned for the environment at this time.

Well-respected analysts have been espousing different views on the Staples sector’s overall valuation. Some argue Staples is rather richly priced, while others believe it is a bargain in the making. Disagreement creates opportunities, and we believe a closer look at Staples is in order.

Read this week's Major Trend. 

Read this week's Major Trend. 

ETFs that focus on a single sector, style, or theme enable investors to make tactical calls that reflect their outlook and risk tolerance, resetting their risk/return profile to benefit from prevailing economic and market conditions. As fate would have it, the explosion of tactical, thematic funds that began 15 years ago coincided with a drought in market cycles.  Following the Global Financial Crisis, the S&P 500 only experienced one moderate drawdown in the next nine years, meaning that opportunities to judge these new thematic ETFs during market declines were in short supply.  This dearth of real-world corroboration has been remedied in recent years as the market experienced three major declines in the span of 49 months, and this expanded sample size serves as the basis for our current study evaluating defensive ETFs in down markets.